ʻO nā Bateri Lead-acid a me nā Bateri Lithium

1. Nā Bateri Lead-acid

1.1 He aha nā Bateri Lead-acid?

● Lead-acid pākahiko he waihona waihona nona nā electrodes i hana nui ʻiaalakaia me konaoxides, a nona ka electrolyteʻakika sulfuric solution.
● ʻO ka voltase inoa o ka pahu pahu alakaʻi-ʻakika hoʻokahi2.0V, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka 1.5V a kau ʻia i 2.4V.
● Ma nā noi,6 keena hoʻokahiHoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā pākaʻi lead-acid i ka moʻo e hana i kahi inoa12Vpākahiko kēpau.

1.2 Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻana o ka Bateri Lead-acid

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pilahi kaʻa kaʻa kalaiwa

● Ma ka moku'āina hoʻokuʻu o nā pahu pahu-acid,ʻo ka mea nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ke alakaʻi dioxide, aʻo ke kahe o kēia manawa mai ka electrode maikaʻi i ka electrode maikaʻiʻole, aʻo ka mea nui o ka electrode maikaʻiʻole ke alakaʻi.
● Ma ka moku'āina hoʻopiʻi o nā pahu pahu-acid, nā mea nui o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ke alakaʻi sulfate, a ke kahe nei ke kahe mai ka electrode maikaʻi i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO nā ʻāpana graphene: graphene conductive additiveshoʻohui ʻia i nā mea electrode maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole,graphene composite electrode meahoʻohui ʻia i ka electrode maikaʻi, anā papa hana graphenehoʻohui ʻia i nā papa conductive.

1.3 He aha ka ʻike ma ka palapala hōʻoia?

6-DZF-20:6 'o ia ho'i aia6 mānoanoa, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mānoanoa ka volta o2V, a he 12V ka voltage i ho'ohui 'ia, a 'o 20 ke 'ano o ka mana o ka pila20AH.
● D (ka uila), Z (kokua i ka mana), F (pilikia mālama ʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka valve).
DZM:D (ka uila), Z (kaʻa i kōkua ʻia i ka mana), M (pākaukau mālama ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia).
EVF:EV (kaʻa kaʻa), F (pilikia mālama ʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka valve).

1.4 ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka valve i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia

ʻO ka pākaukau mālama ʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka valve:ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohui i ka wai a i ʻole ka waikawa no ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ka pākaukau ponoʻī he hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia,ʻaʻohe leaka waika a me ka noe waika, me kahi palekana hoʻokahi alapahu hoʻopau, ke oi aku ke kinoea o loko i kekahi waiwai, e wehe koke ana ka pahu hoopau e hoopau i ke kinoea
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka pākaukau lead-acid:ʻo ka pākaukau holoʻokoʻapaa loa (kaʻapuni ʻia ka hopena redox o ka pākaukau i loko o ka pūpū i hoʻopaʻa ʻia), no laila, ʻaʻohe "gasolua kino" e kahe ana i ka pākaukau mālama ʻole

2. Nā Bateri Lithium

2.1 He aha nā Bateri Lithium?

● ʻO nā ʻeke lithium he ʻano pākaukau e hoʻohanametala lithium or mea hao lithiumma ke ʻano he mau mea electrode maikaʻi/ʻino a hoʻohana i nā hoʻonā electrolyte wai ʻole.(Nā paʻakai Lithium a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik)

2.2 Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻana o ka pahu lithium

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pākahi Lithium i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ʻO nā pākahi metala lithium a me nā ʻona lithium ion.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻona lithium ion ma mua o nā pākahi metala lithium e pili ana i ka palekana, ka mana kikoʻī, ka helu hoʻokuʻu ponoʻī a me ka ratio hana-kumukūʻai.
● Ma muli o kāna mau koi ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā ʻoihana wale nō ma nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi e hana nei i kēia ʻano pākaukau lithium metala.

2.3 Pākuʻi Lithium Ion

Na Mea Electrode Positive Voltage Nominal ʻAiʻi ikaika Ola Kaapuni Koina Palekana Manawa Kaapuni Mahana Hana maʻamau
Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) 3.7V Kauwaena Haʻahaʻa Kiʻekiʻe Haʻahaʻa ≥500
300-500
Lithium hao phosphate:
-20 ℃~65 ℃
ʻO ka lithium hoʻokahi:
-20 ℃~45 ℃ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pākahi lithium Ternary ma mua o ka lithium iron phosphate ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā ʻaʻole i kū like i nā wela kiʻekiʻe e like me ka lithium iron phosphate.Eia nō naʻe, pili kēia i nā kūlana kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia hale hana pākaukau.
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) 3.6V Haʻahaʻa Kauwaena Haʻahaʻa Kauwaena ≥500
800-1000
Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) 3.6V Kiʻekiʻe Haʻahaʻa Kiʻekiʻe Haʻahaʻa ʻAʻohe ʻikepili
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) 3.2V Kauwaena Kiʻekiʻe Haʻahaʻa Kiʻekiʻe 1200-1500
ʻO ka Aluminum Nikela Kobalta (NCA) 3.6V Kiʻekiʻe Kauwaena Kauwaena Haʻahaʻa ≥500
800-1200
Nikela Kobalta Manganese (NCM) 3.6V Kiʻekiʻe Kiʻekiʻe Kauwaena Haʻahaʻa ≥1000
800-1200

Nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole:Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka graphite.Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka metala lithium, lithium alloy, silicon-carbon negative electrode, oxide negative electrode material, etc.
● Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka lithium iron phosphate ke kumu kūʻai maikaʻi loa o ka electrode.

2.4 Hoʻohālikelike ʻano ʻano pākaukau lithium-ion

ʻO ka pilahi lithium-ion cylindrical
ʻO ka pilahi lithium-ion cylindrical
Pākuʻi Li-ion Prismatic
Pākuʻi Li-ion Prismatic
Pihi pākahi lithium ion
Pihi pākahi lithium ion
Pākuʻi lithium-ion ʻano kūikawā
Pākuʻi lithium-ion ʻano kūikawā
pāʻani pāʻani palupalu
pāʻani pāʻani palupalu

● Nā ʻano hana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā pihi uila kaʻa:pōʻalo a me ka ʻeke palupalu
● ʻO ka pahu lithium cylindrical:
● Pono: ʻenehana makua, haʻahaʻa kumu kūʻai, liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi ikehu, maʻalahi e hoʻomalu, hoʻopau wela maikaʻi
● Nā pōʻino:ka heluna nui o nā pūʻolo pila, kaumaha kaumaha, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa

● Pākuʻi lithium pahu palupalu:
● Pono: ʻO ke ʻano hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi, ʻoi aku ka māmā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka wā e hana ai i kahi pā pākaukau
● Nā pōʻino:maikaʻi ʻole ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka pahu pākaukau (kūlike), ʻaʻole kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻohālikelike, kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe

● He aha ke ʻano i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā pā lithium?ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe pane piha, pili nui ia i ka noi
● Inā makemake ʻoe i ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi: cylindrical lithium battery > soft-pack lithium battery
● Inā makemake ʻoe i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, māmā, kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu nui: ʻo ka pahu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi > pahu lithium cylindrical

2.5 Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Lithium Battery

ʻO ka hoʻolālā pākaukau Lithium kaʻa uila

● 18650: Hōʻike ka 18mm i ke anawaena o ka pākaukau, hōʻike ka 65mm i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pākaukau, hōʻike ka 0 i ke ʻano cylindrical, a laila
● Ka helu ʻana o 12v20ah pākahiko lithium: E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he 3.7V (4.2v ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia) ke kaha helu o ka pā uila 18650 (2ah)
● No ka loaʻa ʻana o 12v, pono ʻoe i 3 18650 mau pihi (12/3.7≈3)
● No ka loaʻa ʻana o 20ah, 20/2=10, pono ʻoe i 10 mau pūʻulu o nā ʻeke, kēlā me kēia me 3 12V.
● 3 ma ka moʻo he 12V, 10 ma ka like like ʻo 20ah, ʻo ia hoʻi, 12v20ah (ʻo ka huina o 30 18650 mau kelepona e koi ʻia)
● I ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e kahe ana ke ʻano mai ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole i ka electrode maikaʻi
● I ka wā e hoʻouka ai, e kahe ana ke kahe mai ka electrode maikaʻi i ka electrode ʻino

3. Hoʻohālikelike ma waena o ka Battery Lithium, Lead-acid Battery a me Graphene Battery

Hoʻohālikelike ʻO ka pilahi lithium ʻAkika-ʻakika Bati graphene
Kumukuai Kiʻekiʻe Haʻahaʻa Kauwaena
Mea palekana Haʻahaʻa Kiʻekiʻe Kiʻekiʻe
Volume a me ke kaumaha Nui liʻiliʻi, kaumaha māmā Nui nui a kaumaha kaumaha Nui ka leo, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ka pākaukau lead-acid
Ola pila Kiʻekiʻe Maʻamau ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka pākaukau lead-acid, haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka pā lithium
Kau ola 4 makahiki
(Lithium ternary: 800-1200 manawa
lithium hao phosphate: 1200-1500 manawa)
3 makahiki (3-500 manawa) 3 makahiki (>500 manawa)
Lawelawe Hiki a maʻalahi ke lawe ʻAʻole hiki ke uku ʻia ʻAʻole hiki ke uku ʻia
Hoʻoponopono ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono Hiki ke hoʻoponopono Hiki ke hoʻoponopono

● ʻAʻohe pane paʻa i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pākaukau no nā kaʻa uila.ʻO ka mea nui e pili ana i ke koi ʻana i nā pihi.
● Ma ke ʻano o ke ola pākaukau a me ke ola: pākaukau lithium > graphene > acid lead.
● Ma keʻano o ke kumu kūʻai a me ka palekana: lead acid > graphene > lithium battery.
● Ma ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana: lithium battery > lead acid = graphene.

4. Nā palapala hōʻoia pili i ka pākaukau

● Lead-acid pākahiko: Inā hele ka pahu pahu-acid i ka haʻalulu, ka ʻokoʻa o ke kaomi, a me nā hoʻokolohua wela 55 °C, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka lawe ukana maʻamau.Inā ʻaʻole i hala i nā hoʻāʻo ʻekolu, ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻano waiwai 8 (nā mea corrosive)
● Aia nā palapala hōʻoia maʻamau:
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo no ka lawe palekana ʻana i nā waiwai kemika(ka ea/kai kai);
MSDS(PEPA PALAPALA PALAPALA MATERIAL);

● Bateri Lithium: hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he papa 9 mau mea weliweli i waho
● Aia nā palapala hōʻoia maʻamau: UN38.3, UN3480.
UN38.3hōʻike nānā palekana
UN3480pūʻolo pākahi lithium-ion
UN3481ʻO ka pākaukau lithium-ion i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā lako a i ʻole ka pā uila uila lithium a me nā mea hana i hoʻopili pū ʻia (ke keʻena waiwai ʻino like)
UN3171kaʻa paʻa kaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pākaukau (hoʻokomo ʻia ka pākahi i loko o ke kaʻa, ke keʻena waiwai ʻino like)

5. Pilikia Bateri

● Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻakika Lead-acid no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ʻo nā pilina metala i loko o ka pākaukau e hiki ke nahā, e hoʻopōkole ai a me ka puhi ʻana.ʻO nā pākahi Lithium ma luna o ke ola lawelawe, a ke ʻelemakule nei ke kumu o ka pākaukau, hiki ke maʻalahi i nā pōkole pōkole a me nā wela kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu kepau-ʻakika
Nā Bateri Lead-acid
pākahi lithium
Bati Lithium

● Hoʻololi ʻole ʻia: Hoʻololi nā mea hoʻohana i ke kaapuni pākahi me ka ʻole o ka ʻae ʻia, e pili ana i ka hana palekana o ke kaapuni uila o ke kaʻa.ʻO ka hoʻololi kūpono ʻole ke kumu o ke kaapuni kaʻa i ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana, ke kaumaha, ka wela, a me ka pōkole.

ʻO nā ʻeke ʻeke-ʻakika 2
Nā Bateri Lead-acid
pākaukau lithium 2
Bati Lithium

● ʻAʻole hāʻule ka charger.Inā waiho ʻia ke kaʻa i loko o ke kaʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi a haʻalulu, maʻalahi ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā capacitors a me nā resistors i loko o ke kaʻa, hiki ke alakaʻi maʻalahi i ka overcharging o ka pākaukau.ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka charger hewa hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻolimalima.

ʻAʻole hāʻule ka charger

● Hōʻike ʻia nā kaʻa uila i ka lā.I ke kauwela, kiʻekiʻe ka mahana a ʻaʻole kūpono ke kau ʻana i nā kaʻa uila ma waho i ka lā.E piʻi mau ana ka mahana i loko o ka pākaukau.Inā hoʻopaʻa koke ʻoe i ka pākaukau ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home mai ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hana, e piʻi mau ana ka mahana i loko o ka pākaukau.Ke hiki i ka wela koʻikoʻi, maʻalahi ke hoʻā wale.

Nā paikikala uila i ʻike ʻia i ka lā

● Hiki maʻalahi ke pulu i ka wai i nā kaʻa kaʻa uila i ka ua nui.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pākahi Lithium ma hope o ka pulu ʻana i ka wai.Pono e hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā kaʻa uwila pahu-acid i loko o kahi hale kūʻai hoʻoponopono ma hope o ka pulu ʻana i ka wai.

ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa uila hiki ke pulu i ka wai i ka wā ua nui

6. Ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Bateri a me nā mea ʻē aʻe

● Hōʻalo i ka hoʻokuʻu nui ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka pila
Ka hoʻolimalima ʻana:ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia nā puʻu hoʻoili no ka hoʻouka ʻana ma Kina.Ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia, e hoʻopau ʻia ka mana mana.Ke hoʻouka ʻia me ka charger, e hemo ʻokoʻa ka mana ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia.Ma waho aʻe o nā loina maʻamau me ka ʻole o ka mana hoʻopihapiha piha, ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia, e hoʻomau lākou i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana me kahi au liʻiliʻi, e hoʻopilikia i ke ola no ka manawa lōʻihi;
ʻOi aku ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana:Manaʻo pinepine ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ka pākaukau inā he 20% ka mana i koe.ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana me ka mana haʻahaʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi e hoʻemi ʻia ka pākaukau ma lalo o ka volta, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia.Pono e hoʻā hou ʻia, a ʻaʻole paha e hoʻāla ʻia.
 E hōʻalo i ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.E hoʻoikaika ka wela kiʻekiʻe i ka hopena kemika a hoʻoulu i ka wela nui.Ke piʻi ka wela i kekahi waiwai koʻikoʻi, e hoʻopau ʻia ka pākaukau a pahū.
 Hōʻalo i ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki, ka mea e hoʻololi ai i ka hale o loko a me ka paʻa ʻole.I ka manawa like, e wela ka pākaukau a hoʻopilikia i ke ola pākaukau.E like me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana lithium like ʻole, no ka 20A lithium manganese oxide pākahiko, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka charger 5A a me ka charger 4A ma lalo o nā ʻano like o ka hoʻohana ʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka charger 5A e hoʻemi i ka pōʻai ma kahi o 100 mau manawa.
Inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻa uila no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopaʻa iā ia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule a i ʻole kēlā me kēia 15 lā.ʻO ka pākaukau lead-acid ponoʻī e hoʻopau ma kahi o 0.5% o kona mana ponoʻī i kēlā me kēia lā.E ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ke kau ʻia ma kahi kaʻa hou.
E hoʻopau pū ʻia ka mana o nā pākahi Lithium.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pākaukau no ka manawa lōʻihi, e lilo ana ia i kahi kūlana o ka mana a hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pila.
Pono e hoʻouka ʻia kahi pākaukau hou ʻaʻole i wehe ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa no ka ʻoi aku100 lā.
Inā lōʻihi ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pākaukauka manawa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka pākaukau lead-acid me ka electrolyte a i ʻole ka wai e nā poʻe loea e hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻia no kekahi manawa, akā ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻololi pololei i ka pākaukau hou.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pākaukau lithium.Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻololi pololei i ka pākaukau hou.
Pilikia hoʻoili: Pono e hoʻohana ka charger i kahi kumu hoʻohālike.ʻAʻole hiki iā 60V ke hoʻopaʻa i nā pihi 48V, ʻaʻole hiki i ka 60V lead-acid ke hoʻopaʻa i nā pā lithium 60V, aʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana like ʻia nā mea hoʻoili ʻana i ke kēpau-acid a me nā mea hoʻoili pākahi lithium.
Inā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e hoʻopaʻa ai ma mua o ka maʻamau, ʻōlelo ʻia e wehe i ke kaula hoʻoili a hoʻōki i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana.E noʻonoʻo inā he deformed a pohō paha ka pākaukau.
Ke ola o ka pilahi = ka uila × ka ʻaʻa uila × ka māmā ÷ ka mana kaʻa ʻAʻole kūpono kēia ʻano kumu no nā ʻano hoʻohālike a pau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano kaʻa mana kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻikepili hoʻohana o ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana wahine, penei ke ʻano:
48V lithium pākaukau, 1A = 2.5km, 60V lithium pākaukau, 1A = 3km, 72V lithium pākaukau, 1A = 3.5km, lead-acid ma kahi o 10% ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pā lithium.
Hiki ke holo ka pila 48V i 2.5 mau kilomita no ka ampere (48V20A 20×2.5=50 kilomita)
Hiki iā 60V pākaukau ke holo i 3 mau kilomita no ka ampere (60V20A 20×3=60 kilomita)
Hiki ke holo ka pila 72V i 3.5 mau kilomita no ka ampere (72V20A 20×3.5=70 kilomita)
ʻO ka hiki o ka pākaukau/ka A o ka mea hoʻoili ua like ia me ka manawa hoʻouka, ka manawa e hoʻouka ai = ka nui o ka pākaukau / ka mea hoʻoili He helu, no ka laʻana 20A / 4A = 5 mau hola, akā no ka mea e lohi ka hoʻouka ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana iā 80% (e hoʻemi ka pulse i ka manawa), no laila ua kākau ʻia ʻo 5-6 hola a i ʻole 6-7 hola (no ka ʻinikua)

E kākau i kāu leka ma aneʻi a hoʻouna mai iā mākou